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Miniatures

At the early dawn of Arab Islamic civilization, this special art of painting, known today as miniature, existed under the name of “Illuminations!”. The Muslim artist developed this art, which inherited its rules from preceding civilizations, particularly, the Indian and Persian. This is clearly manifested in the first Arabic book adorned with miniatures; Kalila and Dimna, originally an Indian book translated into Persian many centuries before Islam. It was then translated into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqafa‘ at the beginning of the second century of the Hijra. This art evolved increasingly by many artists (mostly of Persian origin) amongst whom was the innovative artist Behzad, who illuminated many books, the most famous of which is the Shahnama epic by Fardūsiy. The artist Aqāmirk portrayed the author of the Shahnama (Fardūsiy) competing with the poets of the Gharnawiy court in this exotic painting.

      

Miniatures continued to flourish especially in the eastern countries of the Islamic world. The embellishment of manuscripts spread on a large scale, leaving behind an enormous legacy of illuminated manuscripts, and sometimes miniatures solely on separate folios.         

 A group of painters who excelled in ornamenting books and drawings with miniatures became known as professional illuminators. They increased in number and varied in skill, to the extent that one author- according to al-Maqarīziy – wrote a book on them entitled Daw’ al-Nibrās wa Uns al-Jilās fī Akhbār al-Muzawīqīn min al-Nās, or “The Lantern Light and the Gathering Entertainment in the Illuminators’ News.”

 When contemplating these miniatures, the eye is attracted restlessly to the wealth of minute details, the richness of tonality and the wide variation in each and every painting. The artistic perspective is equally interesting; the horizontal vision of the world, as if we are looking through a higher eye or a sharp-eyed bird with the world spread magically at its sight.

 Let us consider some selected samples. 

Browse into the gallery of miniatures

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